Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dream was a key word with which Jews expressed their sentiments in the historic year 1948. It described the improbable turn of events of Jewish history from Auschwitz to independence. Binyamin Etzioni grew up in Tel Aviv. Born in 1926, he was eighteen when he joined the Palmach, the elite troops of the Haganah, the primary militia in the Yishuv (the Jewish community in pre-1948 Palestine). On 12 May 1948, just two days before the British departure from Palestine and the declaration of the State of Israel, he wrote: ‘Independence for Jews – this is after all a visionary idea that is almost ungraspable, something we could experience [in the past] only spiritually… All the time the Biblical verse echoes in my ears: “When the Lord turned again the captivity of Zion, we were like unto dreamers”. How suitable are these ancient words to our own time’.1 But this dream of Jewish political independence was tied up with another dream – that of the Jewish state with fewer Palestinians.2 Avraham Riklin, a commander who fought in the battle of Tiberias, described in his diary on 18 April 1948 his emotion as he entered the city’s deserted Arab quarter following the forced departure of the Palestinians: ‘The joy was enormous. I could not believe my eyes. The fleeing of the Arabs from the city seemed to me like a dream. There was a sense of elation among all [the soldiers]’.3
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.018 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".