The Role of Home Care Pharmacists in the Edmonton Zone: A Retrospective Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Despite the rising demand for home-based health care services in Canada and the increasing medical complexity of elderly patients, there is limited literature exploring the role of home care pharmacists and the clinical activities they perform. Objectives: The primary objective was to describe the types and frequencies of clinical activities (both interventions and recommendations) performed by home care pharmacists upon initial consultation. The secondary objective was to determine which patient characteristics resulted in the highest number of clinical activities. Methods: This study was a retrospective review of adult patients who had an initial in-person or telemedicine consultation with home care pharmacists from June 2018 to May 2019 in the Edmonton Zone of Alberta Health Services. Results: Of the 355 patients whose records were screened, 318 (89.6%) were included in the analysis. Of these, 191 (60.1%) were female, and the median age was 79 years (interquartile range [IQR] 68–86 years). The median numbers of medical conditions and medications were 6 and 10, respectively. Of the total of 1172 clinical activities, there was a median of 3 (IQR 2–5) per patient, irrespective of the patient’s medical conditions, including those with the most common conditions. The most common activities were patient counselling (n = 160, 13.7%), collaboration with another health care professional (n = 157, 13.4%), and deprescribing (n = 140, 11.9%). Across all activities, pharmacists performed a total of 562 interventions and made 610 recommendations. Each additional year of age and each additional medication on a patient’s medication list resulted in an increase in the number of clinical activities (by 0.01 for each additional year of age [p = 0.003] and by 0.03 for each additional medication [p < 0.001]). Conclusions: Home care pharmacists in the Edmonton Zone performed a wide range of clinical activities, particularly for older patients and those with more medications. Further research is required to evaluate the outcomes of pharmacist consultations. RÉSUMÉ Contexte : Malgré l’augmentation de la demande de services de soins de santé à domicile au Canada et la complexité médicale croissante des patients âgés, il existe peu de documentation examinant le rôle des pharmaciens au sein de l’équipe de soins à domicile et leurs activités cliniques. Objectifs : L’objectif primaire consistait à décrire le type et la fréquence des activités cliniques (interventions et recommandations) effectuées par les pharmaciens à domicile lors de la consultation initiale. L’objectif secondaire consistait quant à lui à déterminer les caractéristiques des patients qui ont entraîné le plus grand nombre d’activités cliniques. Méthodes : Cette étude était une revue rétrospective de patients adultes ayant eu une première consultation en personne ou par télémédecine avec des pharmaciens de soins à domicile de juin 2018 à mai 2019 dans la zone d’Edmonton des services de soins de santé de l’Alberta. Résultats : Sur les 355 patients dont les dossiers ont été examinés, 318 (89,6 %) ont été inclus dans l’analyse. Parmi eux, l’âge médian était de 79 ans (écart interquartile [IQR] 68–86) et 191 (60,1 %) étaient des femmes. Le nombre médian de problèmes médicaux et de médicaments était respectivement de 6 et 10. Sur les 1172 activités cliniques au total, le nombre médian était de 3 activités (IQR 2-5) par patient, indépendamment de ses problèmes médicaux, y compris ceux présentant les maladies les plus courantes. Les activités les plus courantes étaient le conseil aux patients (n = 160, 13,7 %), la collaboration avec un autre fournisseur de soins de santé (n = 157, 13,4 %) et la déprescription (n = 140, 11,9 %). Toutes activités confondues, les pharmaciens ont effectué 562 interventions et fait 610 recommandations. Chaque année d’âge supplémentaire et chaque médicament ajouté à la liste des médicaments donnaient lieu à une augmentation du nombre d’activités cliniques (de 0,01 pour chaque année d’âge supplémentaire [p = 0,003] et de 0,03 pour chaque médicament supplémentaire [p < 0,001]). Conclusions : Les pharmaciens de soins à domicile de la zone d’Edmonton effectuaient un large éventail d’activités cliniques, en particulier pour les patients âgés et ceux prenant plus de médicaments. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer les résultats des consultations des pharmaciens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".