A 4-Bit 360<sup>o</sup> 10 GHz Digitally-Controlled Passive Phase Shifter With Digital Logic Control On-Chip in 0.15 μm Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) pHEMT Process
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 4-bit 360odigitally-controlled phase shifter at center frequency ($\mathrm{f}_{\mathrm{o}}$) of 10 GHz (6-18 GHz) in 0.15 $\mu$m pHEMT low noise process (that can be further extended to 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits in the future) is presented in this paper. While digital phase shifters are not unique, what this paper shows is how to implement the phase shifting blocks alongside with its digital control circuitry that a lot of commercial phase shifter of similar genre do not include. Implementing digital control in InGaAs can be problematic. This paper studies, analyzes and implements digital inverters and buffers in InGaAs embedded with the phase shifting blocks. T-bridge topologies were used for the phase shifting blocks of $22.5^{\mathrm{o}}$, $45^{\mathrm{o}}$, $90^{\mathrm{o}}$, and $180^{\mathrm{o}}$ units. The post layout simulation of the full phase shifter had reflection coefficient S11& S22of 4.5 dB or better, insertion coefficient S21& S12of 30 dB or better, and a 1-dB compression point of 18 dBm or greater of input power for all frequencies (6-18GHz) and all phase shifting bits (for $0^{\mathrm{o}}$ to $360^{\mathrm{o}}$); which is similar to commercial GaAs phase shifters of today on the market (however they do not employ digital logic and require multiple pads for the on and off bits).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".