An analytical approach of finding out the equilibrium scour depth at a cylindrical pier when the current is making an angle with the wave
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present work describes the development of a mathematical model for the evaluation of the equilibrium scour depth around a single cylindrical pier under the influence of co-existing waves and current. The presented equation includes the effect of the Keulegan–Carpenter number and Froude number on the formation of scour hole. The principle of energy balance is used to form a nonlinear equation of scour, where the energy of incoming flow when collided with the pier is equated with the weight of the sediments moving away from the vicinity of the pier to establish an equilibrium scour depth. An effort has been made to capture the nature of the flow along x-, y-, and z-directions when the current is inclined at an angle θ with the direction of progress of the wave. Further, the scour profile chosen can incorporate any shape and size of the scour hole. The model has been tested against published experimental data pertaining to two cases, namely when the waves are following the current and when the waves are traveling normal to the current. Here, only linear wave is considered while deriving the equation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".