Data Transmission Resilience to Cyber-attacks on Heterogeneous Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper investigates the data transmission resilience between agents of a cluster-based, heterogeneous, multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) system under gradient-based adversarial attacks. We propose an algorithm using a deep Q-network (DQN) approach and a proportional feedback controller to defend against the fast gradient sign method (FGSM) attack and improve the DQN agent performance. The feedback control system is an auxiliary tool that helps the DQN algorithm reduce system deficiencies. In accordance with the achieved results and under FGSM adversarial attack, the resilience of the developed system is evaluated in three different ways termed robust, semi-robust, and non-robust based on average reward and DQN loss. The data transfer is carried out between agents of a MADRL system in timely and time-delayed manners, for both leaderless and leader-follower scenarios. Simulation results are included to verify the presented results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".