THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO HALOGENATED INHALATIONAL ANESTHETICS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Contamination of operating theaters with the waste anesthetic gases(WAGs) is unavoidable. Halogenated anesthetics namely halothane, isoflurane,desflurane, and sevoflurane are the major constituents of WAGs. Medical personnel areexposed to lower WAGs concentrations than patients, yet their extended exposure overyears magnifies the risk of WAGs-associated toxicity. Aim of Work: To investigatethe possible toxic effects of exposure to the halogenated inhalational anesthetics onthe general health, liver functions, oxidative parameters, and cognitive functions ofoccupationally exposed personnel, and to study the effect of exposure duration / yearson such effects. Materials and Methods: The current study was conducted on 56healthcare workers (HCW) (28 exposed and 28 non-exposed) who were subjected toa questionnaire, medical examination, liver function tests, oxidative stress analysis,and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA). Results: Clinical evaluation of bothgroups revealed a statistically significant increase in the frequency of headache,dizziness, and fatigue among the exposed group compared to the non-exposed. Also, asignificant elevation in the mean values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkalinephosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, along withreduction in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), attention, language, delayed recall,and total MOCA score were noticed among the exposed group compared to the nonexposed.A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the durationof exposure / years and levels of ALP, bilirubin, and MDA in serum, while a statisticallysignificant negative correlation was detected between the exposure duration / yearsand TAC and total MOCA score as well, among the exposed group. Conclusion andRecommendations: Occupational exposure to inhalation halogenated anesthetics isassociated with adverse health effects like headache, dizziness, fatigue, altered hepaticfunctions, impaired redox balance, and disturbed cognitive functions. In addition,exposure duration / years positively correlates with the hepatic dysfunction and lipidperoxidation and negatively with the TAC and total MOCA score in the occupationallyexposed personnel. A central high-flow scavenging system and low leakage anesthesiamachines are strongly required in all the operating theaters.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".