Concessive scalar particles: Symmetric vs. non-symmetric alternatives. The case of Spanish <em>siquiera</em>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polarity items have been analyzed as existential quantifiers that introduce alternatives into the semantic derivation (Krifka 1991; 1995; Kratzer & Shimoyama 2002; Chierchia 2013). Under this approach, variation in the polarity system can be reduced to variation in the types of alternatives that polarity items introduce (Chierchia 2013). We present a case of dialectal variation within the polarity system that can be treated along these lines. The paper focuses on Spanish siquiera, a concessive scalar particle. Concessive scalar particles (Slovenian magari, Greek esto, and Spanish siquiera) (Crnič 2011a; b) are polarity items licensed in a variety of downward entailing environments, where they can be paraphrased with English even, and in modal environments, where they can be paraphrased with English at least. The paper shows that the interpretation and distribution of Spanish siquiera differs between Iberian and Andean Spanish. We propose that siquiera shares the same assertive core across dialects, but differs in the types of alternatives that it introduces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".