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Record W4315780910 · doi:10.1016/j.jmp.2022.102741

A test of attribute normalization via a double decoy effect

2023· article· en· W4315780910 on OpenAlex
Remi Daviet, Ryan Webb

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of Mathematical Psychology · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicEconomic and Environmental Valuation
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Toronto
FundersSocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
KeywordsDecoyNormalization (sociology)Computer scienceEconometricsLogitMathematicsStatisticsChemistry

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

We report a “Double Decoy” experiment designed to separate two competing accounts of the asymmetric dominance effect. The experiment places an additional decoy alternative within the range of existing alternatives, which should leave choice behaviour unaltered if attributes are weighted by their range. Instead, we observe a decrease in the relative proportion of targets chosen, particularly for subjects who exhibited an initial decoy effect. We also observe considerably more variation in individual behaviour than expected. We therefore consider an alternative theory in which attributes values are compared with diminishing sensitivity (via divisive normalization) and assess its performance in an additional discrete choice experiment previously used in the discrete choice literature. We find that divisive normalization captures behaviour better than range normalization and the linear additive Logit model typically used in applied settings. We therefore propose divisive normalization as both a neuro-computational explanation for context effects and a useful empirical tool for applied researchers.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.253
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.121
GPT teacher head0.307
Teacher spread0.186 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it