Morphological Characteristics of Catalyst Layer Defects in Catalyst-Coated Membranes in PEM Fuel Cells
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Catalyst layer defects and irregularities in catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) electrodes affect the lifetime of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) during their operation. Thus, catalyst layer defects are important concerns for fuel cell manufacturers and prompt the development of quality control systems with the aim of fabricating defect-free electrodes. Consequently, the objective of this study is to gain a fundamental understanding of the morphological changes of real catalyst layer defects that have developed during CCM production. In this paper, missing catalyst layer defects (MCLD) formed during the decal transfer process are investigated through a nondestructive method using reflected light microscopy. The geometric features of the defects are quantified, and their growth is measured at regular time intervals from beginning-of-life (BOL) to end-of-life (EOL) until the OCV has dropped by 20% of its initial value as per a DOE-designed protocol. Overall, two types of degradation are observed: surface degradation caused by catalyst erosion and crack degradation caused by membrane mechanical deformation. Furthermore, catalyst layer defects formed during the decal transfer process were found to exhibit a higher growth rate at middle-of-life (MOL-1) and stabilize by EOL. This type of study will provide manufacturers with baseline information to allow them to select and reject CCMs, ultimately increasing the lifetime of fuel cell stacks.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it