Investigation of the evolution of tumor-induced microvascular network under the inhibitory effect of anti-angiogenic factor, angiostatin: A mathematical study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis as a treatment strategy for normalizing the microvascular network of tumors is of great interest among researchers, especially in combination with chemotherapy or radiotherapy. According to the vital role that angiogenesis plays in tumor growth and in exposing the tumor to therapeutic agents, this work develops a mathematical framework to study the influence of angiostatin, a plasminogen fragment that shows the anti-angiogenic function, in the evolutionary behavior of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Angiostatin-induced microvascular network reformation is investigated in a two-dimensional space by considering two parent vessels around a circular tumor by a modified discrete angiogenesis model in different tumor sizes. The effects of imposing modifications on the existing model, i.e., the matrix-degrading enzyme effect, proliferation and death of endothelial cells, matrix density function, and a more realistic chemotactic function, are investigated in this study. Results show a decrease in microvascular density in response to the angiostatin. A functional relationship exists between angiostatin's ability to normalize the capillary network and tumor size or progression stage, such that capillary density decreases by 55%, 41%, 24%, and 13% in tumors with a non-dimensional radius of 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1, respectively, after angiostatin administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".