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Record W4316114440 · doi:10.1093/whq/whad012

American Dude Ranch: A Touch of the Cowboy and the Thrill of the West. By Lynn Downey

2023· article· en· W4316114440 on OpenAlex
Sara Gallagher

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueWestern Historical Quarterly · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldEnvironmental Science
TopicAmerican Environmental and Regional History
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFrontierMythologyPopularityDestinationsTourismHistoryAmerican westAdvertisingMedia studiesArt historyEthnologyArchaeologySociologyLawPolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Dude ranches in America have been growing in popularity for decades. Drawn by mountain or desert settings, fresh air, and a variety of outdoor activities, hundreds of thousands of tourists every year decide to vacation at dude ranches across the West. The history of such vacation destinations is the subject of author Lynn Downey’s new book American Dude Ranch: A Touch of the Cowboy and the Thrill of the West. Downey takes readers where it all began, the first recorded dude ranch in Medora, North Dakota, in 1881, and introduces us to the influence of dude ranches on Western tourism, fashion, film, and television. The book includes discussions about destinations in Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arizona and notes the special features and activities offered to guests at each ranch. Throughout the book, Downey explains how deeply connected dude ranches are to the history and culture of the American West. What began as a novel experience for wealthy Eastern city dwellers became a new industry, and as the twentieth century progressed the dude ranch became a gateway of sorts to preserving the mythology of the frontier and the figure of the cowboy. As she traces this history, Downey explores the myriad ways dude ranches adapted to offer this experience to a new generation of clientele.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesScience and technology studies
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.147
Threshold uncertainty score0.997

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.006
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.177
Teacher spread0.172 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it