بررسی انحناهای ستون فقرات در دانشجویان دانشگاه اصفهان
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Spinal column is the main axis of the body and plays an important role in maitaining a proper posture. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of spinal abnormal curvatures in University of Isfahan students and the correlation of them with body mass index (BMI) and low back pain (LBP). Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 730 female and 718 male students of University of Isfahan (1448 cases), aged 18 to 24 years participated in a voluntary screening testing program between 2006 and 2008. First, age, antropometric measures and low back pain were measured with a standard clinical scale and Quebec back pain disability standard questionnaire, respectively. Then, spinal curvature and degree of lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis were measured using flexible ruler (non-invasive tools). During five subsequent semesters all participants were tested. Data were analyzed using t-test for independent means, χ2 and correlation coefficient. Findings: The mean anthropometric measurements including the mean of hight, weight measurements, percentage of body fat, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio differed significantly between the groups for both men and women (P < 0.05). The mean angle of kyphosis and lordosis was 28.20 ± 12.78 and 29.07 ± 9.71 in women group and 31.87 ± 10.70 and 24.00 ± 10.50 in men group, respectively. The overall incidence and rate of degrees for kyphosis and lordosis differed significantly among the groups by gender (P < 0.05). No significant relationship was found between thoracic kyphosis and BMI among the groups by gender (P > 0.05). However, a significant relationship was seen between lumbar lordosis and body mass index among the groups by gender (P < 0.05). There was significant differences in low back pain by gender in subjects with severe lordosis (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that although the flexibility ruler has a relatively high corrilation with radiologic, it is a reliable and valid instrument and can effectively be used for measuring the spinal curvatures in screeing testing programs and many populations accordingly. Kwy words: Spinal column, Thoracic kyphosis, Lumbar lordosis, Flexibility ruler, Youths
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.043 | 0.016 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".