Endowment Structure, Industrial Structure, and the Fluctuation of Urban-rural Income Gap——An Analysis of New Structural Economics
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taking endowment structure as the starting point, this paper examines the determinants of urban-rural income gap fluctuation in China. Firstly, this paper proposes the core hypothesis through theoretical analysis and then proves it with the mathematical model. It shows that economic factors and policy factors jointly determine the fluctuation of endowment structure difference in urban and rural areas, and ultimately determines the fluctuation of the urban-rural income gap by determining the fluctuation of output growth rate. Secondly, this paper uses China's provincial panel data from 2006 to 2019 to empirically test the theoretical model, taking the relative index of urban and rural capital stock as the measure of the difference in endowment structure. The conclusion of this paper shows that the income gap between urban and rural areas is not an overnight result, but a fluctuating process. Policy measures can effectively narrow the urban-rural income gap by narrowing the urban and rural endowment structure gap.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".