Bibliographic record
Abstract
84 Paradoxes of Professional Regulation 39 Supporters of the new rule argue that the open-ended meaning of the term will provide for greater regulatory flexibility, although critics suggest that the new terminology used for broker-dealers as opposed to investment advisers (subject to a fiduciary best interests rule) fails to provide a comprehensive and consistent approach.40 A 2015 report by the White House Council of Economic Advisers found that biased advice drained $17 billion a year from retirement accounts.See Council of Economic Advisors Report, "The Effects of Conflicted Investment Advice on Retirement Savings" (2015), https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/docs/cea_coi _report_final.pdf.41 The rules were vacated on the basis that DOL exceeded its statutory authority, although the DOL is working with the SEC to resurrect the fiduciary rule.42 See Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11. 43 In recent decades, as financial markets have become more complex and international in scope, efforts to form national regulatory organizations to administer and enforce laws and regulations across Canada have developed.There have been a number of attempts to bring securities regulation under federal constitutional jurisdiction.In 2011, the Supreme Court of Canada held that the federal government did not have constitutional jurisdiction to enact a securities act that it had proposed, and the SCC
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Other About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: yes | Theoretical or conceptual | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.032 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".