L’État civil : réflexion autour de la pensée de Muḥammad ‘Abduh
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé Depuis plus d’une décennie, la notion d’État civil (dawla madaniyya) se trouve, de plus en plus, mobilisée dans les débats et tensions qui traversent les mondes arabes. Ainsi, elle a été largement utilisée et scandée en 2011, lors du « printemps arabe » et des débats constitutionnels qui ont suivi la révolution tunisienne, mais aussi dans des révoltes plus récentes (Hirak algérien, Révolution soudanaise). Dans cet article, nous nous proposons de procéder à un retour historique sur cette notion d’État civil ; ce qui permettra de mieux comprendre les modalités de son émergence dans la pensée arabo-musulmane ainsi que les problématiques qui y sont liées. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuyons sur les écrits d’une des figures les plus importantes de cette pensée : Muḥammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".