Preface and Acknowledgments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The essays in this collection were published between 1974 and 2016.I have selected them on two criteria.The first is that they all represent, albeit in different ways, a certain method, which I call "counterhistory" and which I define in the Introduction.The second is that they do not duplicate material to be found in my published books.There are four partial exceptions to this general principle.The first is that the argument in chapter 1, "The God with Breasts," appeared in very compressed form in the first chapter of my book Eros and the Jews.The second relates to chapter 12, my translation and commentary on Gershom Scholem's Zehn unhistorische Sätze über die Kabbala.I excerpted and commented on the first of these aphorisms in my book Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-history (1979).Third, chapter 6, on Nachman Krochmal, is greatly abbreviated in my Scholem book.Finally, in my recent biography, Gershom Scholem: Master of the Kabbalah (2018), I noted Scholem's position on the Israeli settlement movement articulated in the interview in the New York Review of Books,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.377 | 0.271 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".