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Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study
Tài Pham, Leo Heunks, Giacomo Bellani, Fabiana Madotto, Irene Aragão, G. Béduneau, Ewan C. Goligher, Giacomo Grasselli, Jon Henrik Laake, Jordi Mancebo, Óscar Peñuelas, Lise Piquilloud, Antonio Pesenti, Hannah Wunsch, Frank van Haren, Laurent Brochard, John G. Laffey, Fekri Abrough, Subhash P Acharya, Pravin Amin, Yaseen Arabi, Philippe Bauer, Jeremy R. Beitler, Johan Berkius, Luigi Camporota, Vladimír Černý, Young-Jae Cho, Kevin Clarkson, Elisa Estenssoro, Ewan Goligher, Giacomo Grasselli, Alexey Gritsan, Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Greet Hermans, Leo Heunks, Bojan Jovanovic, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi, Dimitrios Matamis, Onnen Moerer, Zsolt Molnar, Ezgi Özyılmaz, Bernardo Panka, Alfred Papali, Sébastien Perbet, Lise Piquilloud, Haibo Qiu, Assem Abdel Razek, Nuttapol Rittayamai, Rollin Roldán, Ary Serpa Neto, Konstanty Szułdrzyński, Daniel Talmor, Dana Tomescu, Frank Van Haren, Asisclo Villagomez, Amine Ali Zeggwagh, Toshikazu Abe, Abdelrhman Aboshady, Melanie Acampo-de Jong, Subhash Acharya, Jane Adderley, Nalan Adıgüzel, Vijay Kumar Agrawal, Gerardo Aguilar, Gaston Aguirre, Hernán Aguirre-Bermeo, Björn Ahlström, Türkay Akbas, Mustafa Akker, Ghamdan Al Sadeh, Sultan H. Alamri, Ángela Algaba, Muneeb Ali, Anna Aliberti, Jose Manuel Allegue, Diana Alvarez, Joaquin Amador, Finn H. Andersen, Sharique Ansari, Yutthana Apichatbutr, Olympia Apostolopoulou, Daniel H. Arellano, Mestanza Arica, Hüseyin Arıkan, Koichi Arinaga, Jean-Michel Arnal, Kengo Asano, Marta Asín-Corrochano, Jesus Milagrito Avalos Cabrera, Silvia Avila Fuentes, Semih Aydemir, Gülbin Aygencel, Luciano César Pontes Azevedo, Feza Bacakoğlu, Julio Badié, Elias Baedorf Kassis, Gabriela Bai, Govindan Balaraj, Bruno Ballico, Valerie Banner-Goodspeed, Preveen Banwarie, Rosella Barbieri, Arvind Baronia, Jonathan Barrett, Loïc Barrot, Jesús Emilio Barrueco-Francioni, J. Barry, Harshal Bawangade, Sarah Beavis, Eduardo Beck, Niña Beehre, Alberto Belenguer-Muncharaz, Mirko Belliato, Agrippino Bellissima, Rodrigo Beltramelli, Asma Ben Souissi, Adela Benítez-Cano, Mohamed Benlamin, Abdellatif Benslama, Luís Bento, Daniela Benvenuti, Laura Bernabe, Andrew Bersten, Giacomo Berta, Pietro Bertini, Elliot Bertram-Ralph, Kamel Besbes, Lisandro Roberto Bettini, Pascal Beuret, Jeremy Bewley, Marco Bezzi, Lakshay Bhakhtiani, Rakesh Bhandary, Kaushik Bhowmick, Shailesh Bihari, Bernie Bissett, David Blythe, Simon Bocher, Narain Boedjawan, Christine M. Bojanowski, Elisa Boni, Sabrina Boraso, Massimo Borelli, Silvina Borello, Margarita Borislavova, Karen J. Bosma, Maurizio Bottiroli, Owen Boyd, Suha Bozbay, Arturo Briva, Cédric Bruel, Andrea Bruni, Ulrike Buehner, Guillermo Bugedo, Pierre Bulpa, Karen Burt, Mathieu Buscot, Stefania Buttera, Jorge Julio Cabrera, Roberta Caccese, Pietro Caironi, Ivan Canchos Gutierrez, Nancy Canedo, Alma Cani, Iacopo Cappellini, Jesús Carazo, Luis Pablo Cardonnet, David Carpio, Demetrio Carriedo, Rosario Carrillo, João Teles Carvalho, Eliana Bernadete Caser, Antonio Castelli, Manuel Castillo Quintero, Heloísa Castro, Nuno Catorze, Melike Cengiz, Enrique Cereijo, Helga Ceunen, Christos Chaintoutis, Youjin Chang, Carmel Chapman, Simon Chau, Cecilia Eugenia Chavez, Cosimo Chelazzi, Jonathan Chelly, Frank Chemouni, Kai Chen, Ariel Chena, P. Chiarandini, Phil Chilton, Davide Chiumello, Young-Jae Cho, Yvette Chou-Lie, Nicolas Chudeau, İsmail Cinel, Gilda Cinnella, Michele Clark, Thomas Clark, Stefano Clementi, Luis Coaguila, Alexis Jaspe Codecido, Amy Collins, Riccardo Colombo, Juan Conde, Guglielmo Consales, Tim Cook, Andrea Coppadoro, Rodrigo Cornejo, Andrea Cortegiani, Cristina Coxo, Andrea Cracchiolo, Mónica Crespo Ramirez, Philippe Crova, José Cruz, L. Cubattoli, Zafer Çukurova, Francesco Lo Curto, Piotr Czempik, Rocco D’Andrea, Fernando da Silva Ramos, Laurence Dangers, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Pierre-Éric Danin, Fabianne Dantas, Cédric Daubin, Wu Dawei, Candelaria de Haro, Felipe de Jesús Montelongo, Diego De Mendoza, Gennaro De Pascale, Silvia De Rosa, Maxens Decavèle, Pierre-Louis Declercq, Alberto Deicas, María del Carmen Campos Moreno, Jean Dellamonica, Benjamin Delmas, Oktay Demirkiran, Hilmi Demirkıran, Tarek Dendane, Rossella Di Mussi, Chrysi Diakaki, Anatilde Díaz, Willy Diaz, Yalim Dikmen, Aikaterini Dimoula, Patricia Doble, Nagwa M. Doha, Guilherme Domingos, Martin Dres, David J. Dries, Abhijit Duggal, Graeme Duke, Pavel Dunts, Knut Dybwik, Maksym Dykyy, Philippe Eckert, Serdar Efe, Souheil Elatrous, Gülseren Elay, Abubaker S Elmaryul, Mohamed Elsaadany, Hany Elsayed, Samar Elsayed, Malo Emery, Sébastien Ena, Kevin H. Eng, Joshua A. Englert, Elif Erdoğan, Perihan Ergin Özcan, Ege Eroglu, Miguel A. Escobar, Figen Esen, Arzu Esen Tekeli, Alejandro Esquivel, Helbert Esquivel Gallegos, Hanane Ezzouine, Alberto Facchini, Mohammad Faheem, Vito Fanelli, Maria Fernanda Farina, Muriel Fartoukh, Lutz Fehrle, Feng Feng, Yufeng Feng, Irene Fernandez, Borja Fernandez, María Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos Ferrando, Maria João Ferreira da Silva, Mireia Ferreruela, Janet Ferrier, Matias Jesús Flamm Zamorano, Laura Flood, Leda Floris, Martin Fluckiger, Catalina González Forteza, Antonella Fortunato, Eric Frans, Antonella Frattari, Sebastián Fredes, Tim Frenzel, Roberto Fumagalli, Mariano Andrés Furche, Maurizio Fusari, Edward Fysh, Juan Luis Galeas López, Louis-Marie Galerneau, A.F. García, María Fernanda García, Elisabet García, Pablo García Olivares, Jarosław Garlicki, Aude Garnero, Eugenio Garofalo, Prabha Gautam, Andrey A. Gazenkampf, Stéphanie Gelinotte, Domenico Gelormini, E. Ghrenassia, Angelo Giacomucci, R Giannoni, A. Gigante, Nancy Glober, Paolo Gnesin, Yari Gollo, Dina Gomaa, Rui Gomes, Raúl Alejandro Gómez, Oscar Gomez, Aroa Gomez, Louise Gondim, Manuel Gonzalez, Isabel Gonzalez, Alejandro Gonzalez-Castro, Orlando Gordillo Romero, Federico Gordo, Philippe Gouin, Rooney Grainne, Matilde Grando, Sanja Granov Grabovica, Giacomo Grasselli, Salvatore Grasso, R Grasso, Lisa Grimmer, Colin K. Grissom, Qing Gu, Xiang-Dong Guan, Fabio Guarracino, Neus Guasch, Luca Guatteri, Renaud Gueret, Claude Guérin, Emmanuel Guérot, Pierre‐Gildas Guitard, Fethi Gül, Ayça Gümüş, Mohan Gurjar, Patricia Gutierrez, Abdelhamid Hachimi, Adi Hadžibegović, Samantha Hagan, Clare Hammel, Joo Han Song, Gabrielle Hanlon, Serge J Heines, Johanna Henriksson, Jean-Étienne Herbrecht, Gabriel Omar Heredia Orbegoso, A. Hermon, Rosana Hernandez, C Hernández, Luis Herrera, Manuel Herrera-Gutierrez, Juan Pablo Hidalgo, Dianne Hill, Dagmar Holmquist, Marcela Hómez, Xia Hongtao, Anil Hormis, Daniel Horner, M Carmen Hornos, Meihong Hou, Stacy House, Brahim Housni, Keith Hugill, Sally Humphreys, Louis Humbert, Stephanie Hunter, Lee Hwa Young, Nicolas Hector Iezzi, Santiago Ilutovich, Volkan İnal, Richard Innes, Panagiotis Ioannides, Giorgio Antonio Iotti, Mariachiara Ippolito, Hiromasa Irie, Hiroki Iriyama, Taiga Itagaki, Javier Izura, Santiago Izza, Rakhshanda Jabeen, Hamidreza Jamaati, Sunil Jamadarkhana, Amira Jamoussi, Miłosz Jankowski, Luis Alberto Jaramillo, Kyeongman Jeon, Seok Jeong Lee, Deepak Jeswani, Simant Jha, Liangyan Jiang, Jing Chen, Sébastien Jochmans, Bror Anders Johnstad, Aurélie Joret, Detajin Junhasavasdikul, Maria Teresa Jurado, Elisa Kam, Hidenobu Kamohara, Caroline Kane, İskender Kara, Sait Karakurt, Cherdkiat Karnjanarachata, Jun Kataoka, Shinshu Katayama, Shuchi Kaushik, Nermin Kelebek Girgin, Kathryn Kerr, Ian Kerslake, Prakash Khairnar, Abidi Khalid, Akram Khan, Ashish Khanna, Reza Khorasanee, Dieneke Kienhorst, Cenk Kıraklı, Rihard Knafelj, Mark Kol Kol, Napplika Kongpolprom, Csaba Kopitkó, Pervin Korkmaz Ekren, Agnieszka Kubisz-Pudelko, Zoltan Kulcsar, Junji Kumasawa, Akira Kuriyama, Fernanda Machado Kutchak, Eduardo Labarca, Françoise Labat, César Laborda, Manuel Alberto Laca Barrera, Laurie Lagache, Antonio Landaverde Lopez, Michael J. Lanspa, Matthieu Le Meur, Su Hwan Lee, Young Ju Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Won‐Yeon Lee, Jarone Lee, Terje Legernaes, Tamaas Leiner, Tiago Leonor, Philipp M Lepper, Dahuan Li, Hongbin Li, Oleg Li, Ana Raquel Lima, Dan Lind, Edward Litton, Ning Liu, Ling Liu, Jialin Liu, Jean-François Llitjos, Beatriz Llorente, Rodolfo López, Claudia Lopez Nava, Pablo Lovazzano, Min Lü, Francesca Lucchese, Manuela Lugano, Gustavo Lugo Goytia, Hua Luo, Ceri Lynch, Sebastiano Macheda, Víctor Hugo Madrigal Robles, Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore, Mònica Magret Iglesias, Peter Malaga, Harish Mallapura Maheswarappa, Guillermo Malpartida, A.V. Malyarchikov, Helena Mansson, Anaid Manzano, Ismael Marey, Nathalie Marin, Maria del Carmen Marin, Eliana Markman, Felix Martin, Alex Martin, Cristina Martin Dal Gesso, Felipe Martinez, Conchita Martínez-Fidalgo, Ignacio Martín‐Loeches, Arantxa Mas, Masaaki Sakuraya, Emilio Maseda, Eleni Massa, Anna Mattsson, Jessica Giuseppina Maugeri, Victoria McCredie, James P. McCullough, Shay McGuinness, Andrew C. McKown, László Medve, Chengqing Mei, Ricard Mellado Artigas, Vítor Mendes, Mohamed Khalaf Ebraheim Mervat, Isabelle Michaux, Michael Mikhaeil, Olga Milagros, Igor Milet, Maria Teresa Millan, Zhang Minwei, Lucia Mirabella, Sanghamitra Mishra, Giovanni Mistraletti, Katsunori Mochizuki, Arif Ali Baig Moghal, Francesco Mojoli, Alexandre Molin, Raquel Montiel, Luca Montini, G Monza, María Mora Aznar, Sunthiti Morakul, Maria Morales, Daniel M. Torres, Catherine Motherway, Doumiri Mouhssine, Eleni Mouloudi, Tapia Muñoz, Carlos Munoz de Cabo, Mohamed Mustafa, Radhakrishnan Muthuchellappan, Muraleekrishnan Muthukrishnan, Stefano Muttini, Isao Nagata, Dick Nahar, Misuzu Nakanishi, Izumi Nakayama, Silvio A. Ñamendys‐Silva, Rahul Nanchal, Sivakumar Nandakumar, Alessandra Nasi, Kamal Nasir, Paolo Navalesi, Tayyba Naz Aslam, Thuy Nga Phan, Alistair Nichol, Shuhei Niiyama, Sofia Nikolakopoulou, Elena Nikolic, Kenichi Nitta, Marko Noc, Stephanie Nonas, Saad Nseir, Ayşe Nur Soytürk, Yukako Obata, Richard Oeckler, Moe Oguchi, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Marina Oikonomou, Agueda Ojados, Maria Teresa Oliveira, Wilson Oliveira Filho, Carlo Oliveri, Aitor Olmos, Kazuya Omura, Francesca Orsenigo, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Kei Ota, Rainier Ovalle Olmos, Nándo Öveges, Peter Oziemski, Ozlem Ozkan Kuscu, Fernando Pachas Alvarado, Gonzalo Pagella, Vijayanand Palaniswamy, Eugenio Luis Palazon Sanchez, Salvatore Palmese, Guojun Pan, Wensen Pan, Metaxia Papanikolaou, Theonymfi Papavasilopoulou, Ameet Parekh, Rachael Parke, Francisco J Parrilla, Dácil Parrilla, Taha Pasha, Laura Pasin, Luis Patão, Mayur B. Patel, Grisma Patel, Basanta Kumar Pati, Jayaprakash Patil, Saroj Pattnaik, Daniel Paul, Maurizio Pavesi, Vanesa Alejandra Pavlotsky, Graciela Paz, Enrique Paz, Elisabetta Pecci, Carlos A. Pellegrini, Andrea Gabriela Peña Padilla, Gaetano Perchiazzi, Tiago Pereira, Vera Pereira, Manuel Avelino Pestano Pérez, César Calvo, Meisy Perez Cheng, Ronald Perez Maita, Rodrigo Pérez-Araos, Purificación Perez-Teran, David Pérez-Torres, Gavin D. Perkins, Paolo Persona, Tananchai Petnak, Marina Petrova, François Philippart, Edoardo Picetti, Elisabetta Pierucci, Edoardo Piervincenzi, Riccardo Pinciroli, María‐Consuelo Pintado, Thomas Piraino, Stephanie Piras, Cláudio Piras, Pattarin Pirompanich, Luigi Pisani, Enrique Platas, Gustavo Plotnikow, Willy Porras, Virginia Porta, Mariana Portilla, José Portugal, Pedro Póvoa, Gwénaël Prat, Romina Pratto, Gabriel Preda, Isidro Prieto, Estefanía Prol‐Silva, Richard Pugh, Yupeng Qi, Chuanyun Qian, Tiehe Qin, Hongping Qu, Teobaldo Quintana, Rosari Quispe Sierra, Raihan Rabbani, Mohamed Rabee, Ahmed Rabie, Ashish Rai, Mostafa Rajab, Navin Ramdhani, Elizabeth Ramey, Marco Ranieri, Darshana Rathod, Banambar Ray, Shihan Mahmud Redwanul Huq, Adrian Regli, Rosa Reina, Natalia Resano Sarmiento, Faustine Reynaud, Gemma Rialp, Pilar Ricart, Todd W. Rice, Angus Richardson, Marcelo de Mello Rieder, Martin Rinket, Fernando Rios, Alejandro Risso Vazquez, Ivano Riva, Monaly Rivette, Oriol Roca, Ferran Roche‐Campo, C. Rodríguez, Gabriel Rodriguez, Daniel Rodriguez Gonzalez, Xandra Yanina Rodriguez Tucto, Angela Rogers, María Elena Romano, Linda Rørtveit, Alastair Rose, Damien Roux, Anahita Rouzé, Paolo N. Rubatto Birri, Aldana Ruiz Robledo, Antonio Luis Ruiz-Aguilar, Tomohito Sadahiro, Ignacio Sáez, Judith Sagardía, Rajnish Saha, Rohit Saha, Narongkorn Saiphoklang, Shigeki Saito, Maie Salem, Gabriele Sales, Patricia Salgado, Srinivas Samavedam, Mhamed Sami Mebazaa, Line Samuelsson, Nandyelly San Juan Roman, P. Carmona Sánchez, Jesus Sanchez-Ballesteros, Yazcitk Sandoval, Emanuele Sani, Martin Santos, Carla Santos, Masamitsu Sanui, Lakshmikanthcharan Saravanabavan, Sema Sarı, Ágnes Sárkány, Bertrand Sauneuf, M. Savioli, Hilal Sazak, Riccardo Scano, Francis Schneider, Frédérique Schortgen, Marcus J Schultz, G. Schwarz, Faruk Seçkin Yücesoy, Andrew Seely, Frederik Seiler, Yasemin Seker Tekdos, Kim Seok Chan, Luca Serano, Wojciech Serednicki, Mariano Setten, Asim Shah, Bhagyesh Shah, You Shang, Pradeep Shanmugasundaram, Konstantin Shapovalov, Eman Shebl, Takuya Shiga, Nobuaki Shime, Phil Shin, Jack Short, Chen Shuhua, Sughrat Siddiqui, Juan Ignacio Silesky Jiménez, Daniel Silva, Betania Silva Sales, Koen Simons, Brit Ågot Sjøbø, David Slessor, Jakub Śmiechowicz, Nathan J. Smischney, Paul Smith, Tim Smith, Mark Smith, Sarah Snape, Lindi Snyman, Filiep Soetens, Kyung Sook Hong, Miguel Ángel Sosa Medellin, Giovanna Soto, Xavier Souloy, Elsa Sousa, Stefania S Sovatzis, Didem Sözütek, Savino Spadaro, Marco Spagnoli, Martin Spångfors, Nick Spittle, Mike Spivey, Andrew J. Stapleton, Branislava Stefanović, Lorraine Stephenson, Elizabeth K. Stevenson, Kristian Strand, Maria Teresa Strano, Slavenka Štraus, Chenliang Sun, Rongqing Sun, Venkat Sundaram, Tai SunPark, Elisabeth Surlemont, Yuda Sutherasan, Zsuzsanna Szabó, Christopher Tainter, Akihiro Takaba, Mandy Tallott, Tamasato Tamasato, Zhanhong Tang, Viratch Tangsujaritvijit, Leandro Utino Taniguchi, Daisuke Taniguchi, Fabio Tarantino, Krittika Teerapuncharoen, Susana Temprano, Pierpaolo Terragni, Nicolas Terzi, Anand Thakur, Pongdhep Theerawit, Arnaud W. Thille, Matt Thomas, Poungrat Thungtitigul, Martial Thyrault, Nejla Tilouch, Karina Tavares Timenetsky, Juna Tirapu, Manuel Todeschini, Roser Tomas, Christian Tomaszewski, Tommaso Tonetti, Alexandre Tonnelier, John Trinder, Konlawij Trongtrakul, Jonathon D. Truwit, Betty J. Tsuei, Aiman Tulaimat, Sema Turan, Melda Turkoglu, Sanjeev Tyagi, Alejandro Ubeda, F. Vagginelli, María F. Valenti, Imma Vallverdú, Alisha Van Axel, Ingrid van den Hul, Hans van der Hoeven, Nardo J. M. van der Meer, Marc Vanhoof, Mónica Patricia Vargas-Ordóñez, Rosanna Vaschetto, E Vascotto, Maria Vatsik, Ana Teixeira‐Vaz, Antonia Vazquez-Sanchez, Sara Ventura, Jan Wytze Vermeijden, Ánxela Vidal, Jocyelle Vieira, Bruno Vilela Costa Pinto, Ana Lucía Rincón Villagra, Cristina Villegas Succar, Ole Georg Vinorum, Giovanni Vitale, Ramesh Vj, Ana Vochin, Guillaume Voiriot, Carlo Alberto Volta, Magnus von Seth, Maazouzi Wajdi, Don Walsh, Shouhong Wang, Gabriel Wardi, Nils Christian Ween-Velken, Bi-Lin Wei, Dolf Weller, Deborah Welsh, Ingeborg Welters, M.J. Wert, Simon Whiteley, Elizabeth Wilby, Erin Williams, Karen Williams, A Peter R Wilson, Jadwiga Wojtas, Jin Won Huh, David W Wrathall, Christopher Wright, Jianfeng Wu, Guo Xi, Zheng-Jiang Xing, Hongyang Xu, Kotaro Yamamoto, Jie Yan, Julio Yáñez, Xiaobo Yang, Elliot Yates, Özlem Yazıcıoğlu Moçin, Zhenglong Ye, Fatma Yıldırım, Norifumi Yoshida, Hector Higo Leon Yoshido, Bo Young Lee, Rongguo Yu, Yu Gong, Tao Yu, Boyun Yuan, Nadwipa Yuangtrakul, Tetsuya Yumoto, Xie Yun, Graciela Zakalik, Begoña Zalba-Etayo, Massimo Zambon, Bin Zang, Gianluca Zani, Jonathan Zarka, Simone Maria Zerbi, Avşar Zerman, Harald Zetterquist, Jiuzhi Zhang, Hongwen Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guoxiu Zhang, Weixin Zhang, Hongsheng Zhao, Jia Wei Zheng, Bin Zhu, Ronald Zumaran
Bibliographic record
VenueThe Lancet Respiratory Medicine · 2023
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicRespiratory Support and Mechanisms
Canadian institutionsSt. Michael's HospitalSunnybrook Health Science CentreUniversity Health NetworkToronto General HospitalUniversity of TorontoHealth Sciences Centre
FundersEuropean Society of Intensive Care MedicineInstitut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleEuropean Respiratory Society
KeywordsWeaningMechanical ventilationMedicineObservational studyIntensive care unitIntensive careProspective cohort studyCohort studyEmergency medicineIntensive care medicinePediatricsAnesthesiaSurgeryInternal medicine
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
models agreeAgreement compares identical category sets and study designs across arms.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.077
Threshold uncertainty score0.906
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.125
GPT teacher head0.376
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations269
Published2023
Admission routes1
Has abstractno