Shear Wave Velocity Measurements of Granular Soils using the P-Rat
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The small strain shear modulus, Gmax, is considered a fundamental design parameter in many geotechnical applications for soils under dynamic loads. Gmax can be estimated from both in situ and laboratory techniques. The piezoelectric ring-actuator technique (P-RAT) was developed at the geotechnical laboratory of Université de Sherbrooke (QC, Canada) to measure the shear wave velocity (Vs) and accordingly Gmax. This technique can be incorporated into different conventional apparatuses (e.g., triaxial, oedometer). This paper represents a description of the development of P-RAT to estimate Vs with a suitable accuracy as well as the developed interpretation method of output signals during Vs measurements. In addition, the Vs results of three granular soils were measured and a correlation between the void ratio (e) and Vs was then established. The obtained results showed compatibility with different Vs-e correlations proposed in the literature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".