Persulfate activated with calcium peroxide to remediate RAFT soil contaminated with diesel in Arctic northern villages: on-site pilot scale study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A pilot field study was conducted in a Canadian northern village (NV) to assess the remediation efficiency of sodium persulphate (SPS) alkali activated with calcium peroxide (CP) to degrade diesel from Arctic raft soil. A minimum temperature increase in the subsurface due to overall process reactions was required. The projected context of application was imperative to preserve the integrity of the remaining permafrost. The test was performed with two soil columns of 370 L buried in the ground. The columns were contaminated with 7500 mg diesel/kg representative raft soil that was matured for a period of 11 months. The continuous delivery by gravity and the static presence of the oxidizing solution was made over 33 days. During that period, SPS concentration, pH and temperatures, were monitored. SPS was activated prior to its distribution and activation by-products were confined in a surficial tank and under a sludge form. The maturation period resulted in the important natural attenuation of diesel (47%) that occurred in the shallower horizons of the soil profile. About 35% of the diesel remaining after the maturation period was removed by chemical oxidation during the operation period on site. The temperature increase measured during the SPS activation process was not significant while the temperature increase due to diesel degradation by oxidation in the subsurface was evaluated to be below 3°C. The soil columns were not clogged by the by-products as indicated by hydraulic testing before and after oxidizing treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".