Interactions between environmental factors drive selection on cyanogenesis in <i>Trifolium repens</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Phenotypic and genetic clines frequently evolve due to varying selection along environmental gradients. However, the specific environmental factors that impose differential selection are often multivariate and difficult to tease apart. We addressed this complexity using a factorial manipulation of watering, soil nutrients and (simulated) herbivory in controlled conditions to better understand the agents of selection driving the evolution of clines in a polymorphic chemical antiherbivore defence, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), of the plant white clover Trifolium repens . We found the presence or absence of the two metabolic components required for HCN production (cyanogenic glucosides and linamarase) to be more prominent determinants of vegetative growth and sexual reproduction in T. repens than HCN itself. We also found that the ability to produce one or both of cyanogenic glucosides or linamarase resulted in a growth advantage under drought and simulated herbivory that outweighs the metabolic cost of their production. These results support the view that the metabolic components underlying HCN play important roles beyond defence by increasing plant tolerance to stress. The growth advantage under drought, however, was diminished in the absence of nutrient addition, consistent with multivariate interactions as drivers of selection. This study provides novel insight into how a cosmopolitan plant has adapted to environmental gradients, and more generally, highlights the importance of considering interactions between multiple environmental factors when studying the evolution of phenotypic and genetic clines.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".