DOP24 Early life exposures and risk for inflammatory bowel disease: a nested case-control study in Quebec, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Early childhood is an important period for the establishment of gut microbiota. Most early life risks or protective factors for inflammatory bowel disease are likely to act through an effect on the gut microbiota. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between exposures in infancy (birth until 3 years of age) such as breastfeeding, antibiotic treatment, presence of domestic pets, and passive smoking, and the occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods This case-control study was nested within the Quebec Birth Cohort on Immunity and Health. Cases and controls were identified among persons born in Quebec in 1970-1974 based on their health services from 1983 to 2014 using validated algorithms. All cases and randomly selected controls were invited to participate in a web or telephone questionnaire. Participation rates were 47% among controls (n=946), and respectively 52% (n=1212) and 55% (n=570) among cases of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), separately for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Each exposure was analyzed in a multiple regression model adjusted for relevant covariates identified with a directed acyclic graph. Results Adjusting for perinatal and sociodemographic characteristics, the risk for Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis did not differ in subjects who were exclusively breastfed compared to non-breastfed subjects. Partial breastfeeding (breastfeeding combined with infant formula) was not associated with Crohn’s disease (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.76-1.40), but an increase in the odds of ulcerative colitis (OR=1.40, 95% CI: 0.99-1.99) was observed as compared with no breastfeeding. Early introduction of solid foods was associated with higher odds of Crohn’s disease (introduction at 3-6 months compared with >6 months: OR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.05-1.78), but not of ulcerative colitis (OR=1.06; 95% CI: 0.77-1.46). Antibiotic use and the presence of domestic pets were not associated with either Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis. Passive smoking was associated with increased odds of Crohn’s disease (OR=1.23; 95% CI: 1.00-1.51), but not ulcerative colitis (OR=0.96; 95% CI: 0.75-1.22). Conclusion Differences were noticed in early childhood risk factors for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Early introduction of solid foods and passive smoking increased the risk of Crohn’s disease, whereas there was a trend of increased risk of ulcerative colitis with partial as compared with no breastfeeding. The results for partial breastfeeding and early introduction of solid foods are novel and will require further investigation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".