Fate of polychlorobiphenyls in Tenebrio molitor larvae: consequences for further use as food and feed
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study explored the ability of Tenebrio molitor , one of the most widely bred and traded insect species in Europe, to bioaccumulate polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) from their feeding substrate. T. molitor larvae were reared for 20 days in a temperature- and humidity-controlled incubator and fed with wheat bran artificially contaminated with PCBs at a concentration of 0.67, 4.0 or 24.4 μg/kg. The larvae PCB content was then measured based on an analysis by GC-MS and GC-μECD. Whatever the level, a bran contamination by PCBs did not affect the body weight of larvae indicating a high tolerance to PCBs. The bioaccumulation factors (BAF; concentration of PCBs in larvae / concentration of PCBs in wheat bran) obtained with fresh larvae ranged between 0.4 and 1.0 and were significantly higher with the highest contamination level for PCBs 153 and 180. Although there is no bioaccumulation of PCBs in T. molitor larvae during rearing, PCBs can be transferred from the diet to the larvae. This study highlights the significant impact of the drying process which induces an increase of the PCB concentration in larvae by a factor of almost 3. This demonstrates the importance of considering the quality of the substrates used for farming insects as food and feed in terms of content in chemical contaminants including persistent organic pollutants like PCBs.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it