Apoptotic cell death after Foscan(R)-induced photosensitization in respect of Foscan subcellular localization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subcellular localisation of photosensitizers is a main factor involved in cell death in response to the photodynamic therapy (PDT), since the primary damage sites are closely related to the distribution of sensitizers. In this study, we have studied the influence of the time of incubation on the subcellular localisation of FoscanÒ and on the apoptotic cell death after PDT. At short incubation times (0.5 h to 3 h), FoscanÒ displays diffuse pattern with preferential localisation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus. From 12h incubation FoscanÒ is progressively excluded from the Golgi, and is tightly confined to ER by 24 hours. Considering ER localization we further evaluated the response to ER stress induced by FoscanÒ-PDT through the expression of the ER lumen protein GRP 78 (Bip). For the same levels of photoinduced cell death the GRP 78 expression, assessed by Western Blot, was much more pronounced for 24h FoscanÒ incubation. Apoptotic cell death after FoscanÒ-PDT was assessed by the activation of caspases 12, 6 and 7 along with the PARP cleavage. Similar to GRP 78 expression, a greater activation of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway was observed for 24h incubation compared to 3h. In conclusion, for the given level of photocytotoxicity with FoscanÒ after 3h or 24h incubation, the better ER stress was observed at prolonged incubation time, consistent with ER localization of FoscanÒ. An enhanced apoptosis through caspase-12 activation with the subsequent involvement of post-mitochondria caspases at 24h of incubation indicates that apoptotic cell death is favoured from ER rather than Golgi localization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".