Association of preoperative pain-related education with postoperative patient care among in-hospital cardiac patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The present study evaluated the association of pre-operative pain education with the postoperative pain perception among the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methodology: This randomized controlled trial was performed with cardiac patients undergoing CABG at Punjab Institute of Cardiology (PIC), Lahore. Eighty patients (47 males and 33 females) were selected and randomly assigned, either to the interventional group (40 patients) or the control group (40 patients). Those with any psychiatric disorder, past pain history, and those addicted to the opioids were excluded. The interventional group received preoperative pain education (booklet by Canadian Pain Society). Pre-operative and post-operative pain questionnaires including Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) scales were study tools. Chi-square and independent t-test, were used for association and comparison respectively. Results: No significant difference was found between comparative groups regarding pre-operative pain perception, while significant difference was noted between the two groups regarding post-operative clarification of pain management (P < 0.001), preparedness for stronger analgesics (P < 0.001), risk of analgesia dependence (P < 0.001), fear of nausea related to pain-killers (P < 0.001), and threat of constipation with use of analgesics (P < 0.001). BPI scale showed that the average pain score of interventional and control groups were 17.25 ± 5.26 and 32.17 ± 2.51 respectively. Conclusion: CABG patients who received preoperative pain education reported significantly less postoperative pain after the CABG, compared to the controls. Abbreviations: BPI: Brief Pain Inventory; CABG: Coronary artery bypass grafting; ICU: Intensive care unit; POPM: Postoperative pain management Key words: Preoperative, Postoperative, BPI scale, Pain perception, Cardiac patients. Citation: Khalid A, Sadiqa A, Rehman NA, Bilal B, Inayat T. Association of preoperative pain-related education with postoperative patient care among in-hospital cardiac patients. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2022;26(5): 756-766; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i6.2046
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".