Humanism and the Cooperative Enterprise: Theoretical Foundations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In line with the International Cooperative Alliance (ICA) Statement on the Cooperative Identity and definition of a cooperative enterprise (ICA in Guidance notes to the co-operative principles. https://www.ica.coop/en/media/library/research-and-reviews/guidance-notes-cooperative-principles , 2015), we set out to frame a theory of cooperative governance with the focus on a collective membership, whereby control of the enterprise is acquired by engaging with (via patronage/usership/work) rather than investing in the firm. The term often used to describe this type of enterprise is “member-owned business” (MOB; Birchall in People-centred businesses: Co-operatives, mutuals and the idea of membership. Palgrave Macmillan, 2010), underscoring the primacy of member contribution to the operations and governance of the enterprise in different capacities as workers, consumers, and suppliers, rather than merely investors.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.044 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".