Cognitive impairment in REM-sleep behaviour disorder and individuals at risk of Parkinson's disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly present at the time of Parkinson's Disease (PD) diagnosis, but its prevalence amongst individuals at increased risk of PD is unclear. METHODS: Cognition was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in 208 participants in the PREDICT-PD study, and 25 participants with REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD). Prevalence of MCI level I was determined in all participants, and level II MCI in the RBD sub-group. RESULTS: Total MoCA scores were worse in the higher risk than the lower risk group defined as those below the 15th percentile of risk (p = 0.009), and in the RBD group compared to all healthy participants (p < 0.001). The prevalence of MCI level I was 12.8% in the lower-risk, 21.9% in the higher-risk (within the highest 15th percentile) and 64% in RBD participants; 66% of RBD participants had MCI level II with multi-domain MCI, but particularly attention and memory deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Cognitive impairment is increased in different groups at higher risk of PD, particularly in the subgroup formally diagnosed with RBD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".