Estimation of groundwater contributions to Athabasca River, Alberta, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Athabasca River Basin (ARB), Canada This study investigates the dynamic interactions that occur between surface water and groundwater systems within the Athabasca River Basin (ARB). The integrated surface-subsurface model of the ARB was first calibrated under monthly normal transient flow conditions to observed surface water and groundwater data, after which the model was forced with monthly average transient data to evaluate model performance. From these results, groundwater contribution to the Athabasca River system was calculated using simulated surface water-groundwater exchange fluxes. These estimates are compared to those obtained from an isotope-based balance analysis which also estimated groundwater contribution to the Athabasca River. The results from this study suggest that the groundwater system in the basin has a high degree of interaction with the surface water system. Specifically, the groundwater contribution to the surface water system along the Athabasca River ranges from 34% (high flow season) to 63% (low flow season) with an overall average annual groundwater contribution of 45%. These results indicate that the groundwater system needs to be considered when analyzing potential climate change impacts on future water availability and extreme hydroclimatic events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".