Risk factors for appendicular osteosarcoma occurrence in large and giant breed dogs in western Canada.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Risk factors for the development of canine appendicular osteosarcoma (OSA) have been investigated in numerous studies, but with contradictory results. The aim of this study was to analyze weight, age, breed, sex, neuter status, body condition score, and previous lameness in a population of large and giant breed dogs in western Canada with and without appendicular OSA. Animals and procedure: Medical records of 227 large or giant breed dogs diagnosed with appendicular OSA were compared to records from a control population of 454 large and giant breed dogs from the years 2000 to 2020. Results: Gonadectomized dogs, body condition score (BCS), and a history of lameness condition(s) (other than OSA) were associated with increased odds for presentation with OSA. Breeds shown to have increased odds for appendicular OSA occurrence included Rottweilers and Great Danes relative to Labrador retrievers. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Obesity and lameness appear to be independently associated with appendicular osteosarcoma. This study demonstrated that spayed females had the greatest risk compared to other sex and neuter status combinations; further investigation of these factors would be beneficial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".