Microscopic study of EPS-infused biodiesel with DEE and its performance and emissions in a diesel engine
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The main objective of this study is to investigate some important fuel properties of expanded polystyrene (EPS)-infused biodiesel blends without and with the addition of a certain percentage of diethyl ether (DEE), a cetane number (CN) enhancer. The originality of this study is the use of high-CN DEE as an additive for EPS-infused canola biodiesel to investigate a diesel engine’s performance and emissions. Furthermore, we performed a microscopic study (of structure and particle size distribution) of EPS-infused canola biodiesel blends without and with DEE as an additive. Biodiesel is an effective solvent for EPS. EPS-infused biodiesel can be used in diesel engines for power production, and it can be a supplementary energy source for IC engines. This study investigates the EPS-infused biodiesel blend performance and emission in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine at low, medium, and high loads, each at 1000, 2100, and 3000 rpm. The EPS was dissolved in biodiesel at varying concentrations (2, 6, and 10 g/L) at room temperature (25 °C). The results for different EPS-infused biodiesel blends are compared with those of pure diesel and biodiesel, and EPS dissolution and performance improvements with DEE were achieved.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it