Effect of modifier cation size on the structure, properties and nickel speciation in BK7 type alkali borosilicate glasses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Alkali-borosilicate glasses 16M 2 O–10B 2 O 3 –74SiO 2 were studied for M = Li to Cs. 11 B NMR showed 57% four-fold coordinated boron for Li, but 88 to 97% for M = Na to Cs. The fraction of neutral borate triangles decreases from Na to Cs. Vibrational spectroscopy shows significant non-bridging oxygen on silicate species for Li, decreasing to a low level from Na to Cs. The glass transition temperature is highest for M = Cs and correlates with increasing network connectivity. Sub-liquidus phase separation and homonuclear bonding was observed for M = Li, while M = Na to Cs show good linking of silicate with borate tetrahedra. Raman spectroscopy reveals a maximum of danburite rings for M = K, the glass with the highest packing density. Glasses doped with Ni 2 O 3 changed color from yellow (Li) to purple (Na), to blue in samples of higher optical basicity (K, Rb, Cs). Tetrahedral Ni 2+ likely coexists with trivalent nickel, Ni 3+ , in blue glasses, while higher coordinated Ni 2+ prevails in the yellow Li-sample.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".