Distributed Energy Resources, Transmission Power System Control, Energy Transition: An Exploratory Bibliometric Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Energy transition is promoted by the international and scientific community to reduce society’s carbon footprint and fight against climate change. In this context, power systems are increasingly equipped with distributed energy resources (DER) and variable energy resources (VER). Because of the variability introduced by these resources and power electronics converters, serving as the interface between them and AC power system, power systems operators are facing more challenges to maintain network reliability. Even if most of DERs are connected to distribution system, their integration will also impact the transmission system behavior. Furthermore, the utilities must ensure a better coordination and communications of the actions taken by the transmission system operator (TSO) and distribution system operator (DSO). In the context of end-to-end electricity system transition, development, and integration, the main objective of this transversal study is to analyze the content of published work. The aim is to target the new challenges to solve in order to maintain the reliability of the transmission and distribution power systems. The analysis is based on a bibliometric study of the Scopus database for published documents from 2011 to 2020. By using of statistical methods, a quantitative analysis is done on the one hand to highlight the evolution of science in this specific research area and on the other hand to identify current and future trends and challenges.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | Bibliometrics Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | high |
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.046 | 0.081 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".