A Timing-Aware Configurable Adder Based on Timing Detection for Low-Voltage Computing
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Low-voltage computing effectively saves energy in circuit operations, but it suffers from an increasing propagation delay. Approximate computing can significantly reduce the propagation delay by using a simplified or improved circuit, albeit with an inevitable accuracy loss. To address these challenges, a timing-aware configurable adder (TACA) is proposed to achieve a good trade-off between energy efficiency and accuracy at low operating voltages. This design relies on the functions of timing-error detection and correction (TEDC) for the newly-proposed accuracy-configurable full adders (ACFAs). The ACFA operates in an exact mode and two approximate modes by using four transistors as power gating. The TEDC generates timing-error signals when the delay violates the timing constraint due to voltage overscaling. Then, an improved configuration scheme is developed to enable the ACFA to work in an approximate mode by allowing for error signals at runtime. This approximation shortens the carry propagation chain. Thus, the TACA is adapted to timing conditions at different supply voltages by reducing the propagation delay rather than the operation frequency.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it