Recent findings in the pathogenesis and treatment of fear and anxiety
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of current knowledge regarding the neuroscientific and biological background of anxiety and fear.The conceptualisation of the "two-system" framework is described in detail.In terms of terminology, the terms fear and anxiety are limited in this framework to mental states connected with consciously experiencing emotions as opposed to nonconscious autonomic nervous system reactions.The introduced terminology may have practical implications in psychotherapy as people seek help mainly because of subjective experiences of fear and anxiety and the effectiveness of mental health interventions is also evaluated on the basis of experiencing these mental states.The background of developing anxiety disorders is briefly described, emphasising the key role of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.As nowadays anxiety disorders are prevalent among adolescents and adults, it is necessary to implement interventions preventing development of full-blown disorders in people suffering from excessive or sub-threshold anxiety levels.Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) is suggested as the evidence-based prevention model.ACT promotes building psychological flexibility, incorporates mindfulness techniques which enable alteration of the anoetic form of consciousness, and introduces breathing exercises that may stimulate the sympathetic system through the vagus nerve.Thus ACT model as a preventive tool has the implications to bridge the psychological and neuroscientific research and theory with practical usage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".