Bibliographic record
Abstract
В статье рассматривается процесс формирования этнокультурной общности метисов в западных провинциях Канады. Произошедшие от смешанных браков канадских «лесных скитальцев» и мехоторговцев с индейскими женщинами, уже в начале XIX в. метисы представляли собой отдельную этнокультурную общность в Прериях. Им были хорошо знакомы как индейские, так и европейские сельскохозяйственные, охотничьи и рыболовные традиционные практики. С разной степенью интенсивности они были вовлечены и в индейскую, и в европейскую культуру. Одним из элементов идентичности канадских метисов стал пеммикан - сушеное и затем приготовленное специальным образом мясо бизонов. Вплоть до исчезновения бизонов в 1880-х гг. этот продукт играл важную роль в Прериях и был постоянным источником дохода и неотъемлемой частью жизненного мира метисов. «Прокламация о пеммикане», запрещающая вывоз этого продукта с территории колонии, которую приняли власти колонии Красной реки в 1814 г., послужила важным импульсом для формирования идентичности метисов и осознания себя единой общностью. Сегодня их идентичность в гораздо большей степени строится на основе коллективной исторической памяти, нежели на языке, происхождении, территории или традиционных культурных практиках. Пеммикан, не имея никакого практического или символического значения в наши дни, стал одним из элементов коллективных представлений метисов о своем прошлом. The article discusses the process of formation of the ethnocultural community of Métis in the western provinces of Canada. The Métis developed from mixed marriages of Canadian “forest wanderers” and fur dealers with Indian women at the beginning of the 19 century. They came to represent a separate ethno-cultural community in the Prairies. They were well acquainted with the agricultural, hunting and fishing practices of both Indians and Europeans and were involved in both Indian and European culture to varying degrees. Pemmican, a dried and then specially prepared bison meat, was the one of the elements of Canadian Métis identity. The “Pemmican Proclamation” prohibiting the export of this product from the territory of the Red River Colony, enacted by colony’s authorities in 1814, served as a significant impetus to the formation of Métis identity and their self-awareness as a community. The product played an essential role in the Prairies and was a constant source of income and an integral part of Métis life until the bison disappeared in the 1880s. Today, their identity relies much more on collective historical memory than on language, origin, territory, or traditional cultural practices. Having no practical or special symbolic meaning in our day, pemmican has become one of the elements of the Métis’ collective representation of their past.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.015 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".