Thermal history of Carlin-type gold deposits in Yukon (Canada) as revealed by organic matter geothermometry, clumped isotope data, fluid inclusion microthermometry, and apatite fission-track analyses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Sediment-hosted gold deposits in central Yukon have most of the diagnostic characteristics of Carlin-type gold deposits in Nevada. This study combines organic matter geothermometry with fluid inclusion microthermometry, clumped isotope data (Δ 47 ) for late ore-stage hydrothermal calcite, and apatite fission-track analyses to constrain the thermal evolution of Carlin-type gold zones in central Yukon. The Tmax parameter derived from pyrolysis analyses indicates that organic matter is overmature and records regional temperatures of > 150 °C. Calcite and fluorite associated with the waning stage of mineralization at ca. 74 Ma have mean fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures of 123–173 °C, with an average salinity of 4.8 wt.% NaCl equiv. These temperatures overlap values of 91–162 °C determined from calcite clumped isotope measurements and are similar to data from Carlin-type deposits in Nevada. Fluid mixing is suggested by a variation of the isotopic composition of the fluid in equilibrium with calcite, with the higher temperature end-member having higher δ 18 O H2O values. In thermal models based on Tmax, fluid inclusion microthermometry, clumped isotope measurements, and apatite fission-track data, a higher temperature event at approximately 220 °C is consistent with pyrobitumen reflectance measurements. This event is either related to maximum tectonic burial prior to mineralization or to the flow of acidic hydrothermal fluids early in the main ore-stage. Each analytical technique used in this study is independent of the others and records part of the thermal and chemical evolution of the Yukon Carlin-type gold deposits and their host rocks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".