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Record W4319320543 · doi:10.5772/intechopen.108552

Saliency Detection from Subitizing Processing

2023· book-chapter· en· W4319320543 on OpenAlex
Carola Figueroa-Flores

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueIntechOpen eBooks · 2023
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldComputer Science
TopicVisual Attention and Saliency Detection
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersAgencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
KeywordsArtificial intelligenceComputer scienceBenchmark (surveying)Pattern recognition (psychology)SalientMachine learningPipeline (software)Process (computing)Object detectionRange (aeronautics)Geography

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Most of the saliency methods are evaluated for their ability to generate saliency maps, and not for their functionality in a complete vision pipeline, for instance, image classification or salient object subitizing. In this work, we introduce saliency subitizing as the weak supervision. This task is inspired by the ability of people to quickly and accurately identify the number of items within the subitizing range (e.g., 1 to 4 different types of things). This means that the subitizing information will tell us the number of featured objects in a given image. To this end, we propose a saliency subitizing process (SSP) as a first approximation to learn saliency detection, without the need for any unsupervised methods or some random seeds. We conduct extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets (Toronto and SID4VAM). The experimental results show that our method outperforms other weakly supervised methods and even performs comparable to some fully supervised methods as a first approximation.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Other design · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.946
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.002

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it