Działalność Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki i Kanadzie (występującego pod nazwą Związek Przyjaciół Wsi Polskiej) w okresie prezesury Stanisława Mikołajczyka (1947–1966)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The article concerns the Polish People’s Party (Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe), which, due to US and Canadian law, could not work under its own name. It functioned there as the Association of Friends of the Polish Village (Związek Przyjaciół Wsi Polskiej). This organization, led by a group of Polish people’s activists (Stanisław Mermel, Józef Migała, Bolesław Krakowski, Bolesław Biłogan, Tadeusz Paul, Feliks Rembiałkowski), with the support of the PSL president Stanisław Mikołajczyk, managed to organize some PSL/ZPWP Circles gathering several hundred members. Most of them operated in and around Chicago. They managed to organize PSL Circles on the East Coast and in several middle states. The Circles were a political support for the president of PSL S. Mikołajczyk who was permanently residing in America. Through their members, who managed to obtain a high material status, the clubs organized day-rooms, people’s houses, and folk music and choral groups, which allowed them to appear in the Polish community. The Circles supported the political line of S. Mikołajczyk, especially in the end of numerous internal crises and during the attacks of opponents on this political grouping, which was relegated to the margins of the political émigré scene. The PSL/ZPWP group in Canada also appeared for a short time. The article describes the activities of this organization during the leadership of the Supreme Executive Committee of the PSL by S. Mikołajczyk. This organization survived in the American territory until the end of the 1980s. The American team quite clearly influenced the entire émigré Party.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".