The Impact of the Bio-terrorism Act on the Supply Chain and Firm Value
Bibliographic record
Abstract
On June 12, 2002, President Bush signed into law the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. The Bioterrorism Act requires domestic firms and importers to register their agribusiness facilities with the U.S. government, to notify Homeland Security prior to shipment of agricultural products, and to keep records on the origination of agricultural inputs and the destination of agricultural outputs. Thus, the Act significantly altered the U.S. regulatory climate for both U.S. and foreign food industry firms who do business in the U.S. We present evidence that the passage of the Bioterrorism Act resulted in an average 3.2% decline in the market value of equity of domestic food industry firms. Cross-sectional analysis suggests that costs are increasing in the diversity of the firms’ supply chains. Contrary to the conclusions of prior research, we also find that the Bioterrorism Act does not constitute a non-tariff barrier to Canadian food firms. We base this conclusion on the fact that the negative wealth effects for U.S. firms are similar in magnitude to those previously reported for Canadian firms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".