Nickel Phosphide Clusters Sensitized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanotube Arrays as Highly Efficient Photoanode for Photoelectrocatalytic Urea Oxidation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The photoelectrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (PEC‐UOR) holds a great promise for the wastewater remediation and energy production. However, the low efficiency of semiconductor/cocatalysts type photoanodes for UOR restricts their applications in photoelectrocatalytic system. Herein, a new semiconductor/cocatalyst, Ni 2 P clusters sensitized TiO 2 nanotube arrays photoanode (Ni 2 P/TiO 2 ‐NTAs) for PEC‐UOR with high efficiency are developed. The 1D TiO 2 ‐NTAs structure accelerates urea molecules diffusion and promotes CO 2 gas release at the electrode interface. Meanwhile, Ni 2 P is also beneficial to urea molecule absorption and CO 2 desorption and enable to lower the energy barrier for amine (NH) dehydrogenation. Furthermore, the robust interfacial charge transfer pathway between Ni 2 P and TiO 2 interface promotes the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes and the transfer of photogenerated electrons from Ni 2 P to TiO 2 . Therefore, this photoanode shows excellent PEC‐UOR performance with the potential of 1.43 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) when the current density reaches 10 mA cm −2 , which is much lower than that of 2.24 V versus RHE and 1.58 V versus RHE for TiO 2 ‐NTAs and Ni(OH) 2 /TiO 2 ‐NTAs, respectively.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it