Aflatoxin M <sub>1</sub> degradation using high voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) technology
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aflatoxins are one of the highly toxic secondary metabolites with high decomposition temperatures, ranging from 237 °C to 306 °C. Therefore, non-thermal treatments are preferred to ensure safe food while preserving food quality. High voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) is a novel non-thermal technology with the potential to reduce contaminants (e.g. mycotoxins) owing to reactive species such as ozone. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of HVACP to degrade Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in pure water. A dielectric barrier discharge HVACP was performed at 90 kV using modified air (MA65: 65% O2, 30% CO2, 5% N2) fill gas for 1, 3, and 5 min in a direct and indirect mode with no post-treatment or 4.0 h post-storage at room temperature. The chemical properties of water were evaluated. Ozone concentration in both gas and liquid phases was also measured. A 77% reduction of AFM1 was observed after 1 min of direct treatment with no post-treatment storage. The nitrate and peroxide contents after 1 min of direct treatment were 4.50 ± 0.70 and 9.5 ± 0.70 mg/L, respectively. Longer treatment time and direct mode of exposure resulted in a higher ozone concentration in either the gas or liquid phase. These results demonstrate the potential of HVACP as a non-thermal treatment for reducing AFM1 concentration. HVACP was capable of significantly degrading AFM1 using a very short treatment time and 4.0-h post-treatment storage.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it