Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early detection of skin pathologies with current clinical diagnostic tools is challenging, particularly when there are no visible colour changes or morphological cues present on the skin. In this study, we present a terahertz (THz) imaging technology based on a narrow band quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 2.8 THz for human skin pathology detection with diffraction limited spatial resolution. THz imaging was conducted for three different groups of unstained human skin samples (benign naevus, dysplastic naevus, and melanoma) and compared to the corresponding traditional histopathologic stained images. The minimum thickness of dehydrated human skin that can provide THz contrast was determined to be 50 µm, which is approximately one half-wavelength of the THz wave used. The THz images from different types of 50 µm-thick skin samples were well correlated with the histological findings. The per-sample locations of pathology vs healthy skin can be separated from the density distribution of the corresponding pixels in the THz amplitude-phase map. The possible THz contrast mechanisms relating to the origin of image contrast in addition to water content were analyzed from these dehydrated samples. Our findings suggest that THz imaging could provide a feasible imaging modality for skin cancer detection that is beyond the visible.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it