A checklist of the bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We record 392 species or morphospecies of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) for Manitoba, Canada, which is 154 more species than reported in 2015 and includes five new generic records since 2015 (Ashmeadiella,Brachymelecta,Eucera, Neolarra,andTriepeolus). Thirteen new records reported here are new for Canada:Calliopsis(Nomadopsis)australiorCockerell,Perdita(Perdita)tridentataStevens,Brachymelecta interrupta(Cresson),Diadasia(Dasiapis)ochracea(Cockerell),Melissodes bidentisCockerell,Nomada crawfordi crawfordiCockerell,Nomada fuscicinctaSwenk,Nomada sphaerogasterCockerell,Nomada xantholepisCockerell,Triepeoluscf.grindeliaeCockerell,Dianthidium(Dianthidium)parvum(Cresson),Coelioxys(Xerocoelioxys)nodisBaker, andMegachile(Megachiloides)dakotensisMitchell. We remove the following species from the list of Manitoba bees based on re-examination of voucher material:Andrena(Ptilandrena)geraniiRobertson,Andrena(Rhacandrena)robertsoniiDalla Torre,Andrena(Simandrena)nasoniiRobertson,Andrena(Trachandrena)ceanothiViereck,Andrena(Trachandrena)quintilisRobertson,Lasioglossum(Hemihalictus)pectoraloides(Cockerell),Lasioglossum(Lasioglossum)forbesii(Robertson), andDianthidium(Dianthidium)concinnum(Cresson). We propose thatNomada alpha paralphaCockerell, 1921 andN. alpha dialphaCockerell, 1921 are junior synonyms ofN. alphaCockerell, 1905.Nomada arenicolaSwenk, 1912 is considered a junior synonym ofN. fervidaSmith, 1854.Protandrena albertensis(Cockerell) andNeolarra mallochiMichener are recognised as valid species. We provide additional notes on taxonomy, nomenclature, and behaviour for select species in the list.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".