Bibliographic record
Abstract
Turkish communities living in various geographies of the world have played an important role in every period of history. By the middle of the 10th century, the establishment of the Karakhanid state and its Islamic period started a new era for the Turks. Influenced by this civilization, they used the Arabic alphabet until the first quarter of the 19th century. 20th century Russian Turks had bad results. According to the "Policy of Nationalities", the Soviets divided the geography in the USSR. Stalin implemented the policy of Tsarist Russia to dissolve Turkish communities more quickly and abolished the Arabic alphabet used by Turks with the decisions taken at the 1926 Baku Turkic Congress. After that in 1928, Turkey changed the alphabet and got the same alphabet. The cultural unity among the Turks would be revived but Moscow was hesitating. Without wasting time, USSR brought the Cyrillic alphabet and ultimately, the new generation has cut off contact with each other.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.014 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".