A Bioarchaeological Exploration of Adolescent Males at the Eighteenth-Century Fortress of Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using skeletal remains from the eighteenth-century Fortress of Louisbourg, this study aimed to explore whether the adolescent (< 25 years) and adult (> 25 years) male experiences were synonymous in this New France colony. Additionally, this study also considered the geographic origins of these adolescent males to better understand their lived experience at Louisbourg. For this study, skeletal remains from 13 adolescent male individuals (16–25 years) were compared to 24 adult male individuals (27–47 years). Osteological analysis involved the assessment of macroscopic indicators of stress, including cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, linear enamel hypoplasia, fractures, Schmorl’s nodes, periosteal new bone formation, dental caries, and dental abscesses. When statistically compared, there were no differences between these age cohorts and the prevalence of these indicators. Mortuary data were also assessed, including burial depth, coffin use, and the prevalence of grave goods, again with no differences observed between these age cohorts. We explored dietary patterns and their relationship to geographic origin by measuring stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope ratios in bone collagen and δ13C values of tooth enamel carbonate. All but one of the adolescent individuals consumed a mixed C3 and C4 diet during childhood, suggesting possible origins in an area consistent with what is now the eastern United States. Based on this multi-proxy approach, it is likely that the male adolescents in this group were soldiers from New England stationed at Louisbourg after the first siege in 1745 and had a similar lived experience to that of adult males. Cette étude visait à évaluer la mesure dans laquelle les expériences d’hommes (> 25 ans) et d’adolescents (< 25 ans) de sexe masculin étaient semblables dans cette colonie de la Nouvelle-France, et ce, à partir de restes humains provenant de la Forteresse de Louisbourg, du XVIIIe siècle. L’étude tenait compte des origines géographiques de ces adolescents de sexe masculin afin de mieux comprendre leur expérience vécue à Louisbourg. Dans le cadre de cette étude, les restes humains de 13 adolescents (16–25 ans) de sexe masculin ont été comparés à ceux de 24 hommes adultes (27–47 ans). Une analyse ostéologique a été menée, consistant à évaluer les indicateurs macroscopiques du stress, notamment la présence de cribra orbitalia (lésions sur le plafond des orbites), de l’hyperostose porotique, de l’hypoplasie linéaire de l’émail, de fractures, de nodules de Schmorl, de néoformation osseuse périostée ainsi que de caries et d’abcès dentaires. Aucune différence n’a été relevée lors d’une comparaison statistique entre ces cohortes d’âge, ni en ce qui a trait à la prévalence de ces indicateurs. Des données mortuaires ont également été évaluées, notamment la profondeur de l’ensevelissement, l’utilisation de cercueils et la prévalence d’objets funéraires. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre ces cohortes d’âge. Par ailleurs, nous avons analysé les habitudes alimentaires et leur relation avec l’origine géographique en mesurant les rapports d’isotopes stables du carbone (δ13C) et de l’azote (δ15N) dans le collagène osseux ainsi que les valeurs δ13C du carbonate de l’émail dentaire. Tous les individus adolescents, sauf un, auraient eu un régime alimentaire mixte (C3 et C4) pendant l’enfance, ce qui suggère des origines dans une région correspondant aujourd’hui à l’est des États-Unis. Selon cette approche reposant sur plusieurs indicateurs, il est probable que les adolescents de sexe masculin de ce groupe étaient des soldats de la Nouvelle-Angleterre postés à Louisbourg après le premier siège de 1745 et qu’ils ont vécu une expérience similaire à celle des hommes adultes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.053 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".