Infestation Phases and Impacts of Dryocoetes confusus in Subalpine Fir Forests of Southern British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subalpine fir mortality and stand decline are increasingly evident in British Columbia (B.C.). This long-term study confirmed Dryocoetes confusus to be the major disturbance agent in high-elevation subalpine forests, killing over two-thirds of subalpine fir in eleven one-hectare study plots. D. confusus infestations in mature stands can be described as early-, mid-, or late-phase. The transition from the early- through late-phase is characterized by a lowered stem density as high levels of D. confusus attack and remove the largest trees, while other mortality factors kill smaller trees. Initially, live subalpine fir density and D. confusus activity varied among plots. By a final assessment, very little difference was observed in live stems per hectare. Mortality from all factors ranged from 0.5% to 5% annually, reaching as high as 80% in-stand mortality with >6 times more dead than live volume. When subalpine fir density was reduced to <400 sph, the D. confusus attack rate declined. Cumulative mortality increased the average gap size in plots from 11 m2 to 18 m2. Our study also showed that D. confusus might be able to switch to a univoltine life cycle, taking advantage of warmer and longer growing seasons that, in part, could explain the rapid increase in mortality in stands.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".