Pile Group Response to Thermal Cycles and Associated Alterations in Soil Response
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, the thermomechanical response of the pile group and associated impacts on surrounding soil are explored numerically for different (1) layouts of energy and conventional piles, (2) soil types, and (3) pile spacing for the pile groups in Ottawa sand and Toyoura sand. The study outcomes demonstrate cyclic alterations in load–displacement characteristics of the piles and the soil during cyclic thermal loading and unloading of energy piles. Conventional piles exhibit uplift when energy piles are thermally loaded, with notable differential pile base displacement. Higher pile spacing results in decreased thermomechanical stresses in the piles. Compared with the middle energy pile in the same row, the corner energy pile experiences significant axial stresses. The radial stresses in the soil at the pile–soil contact increase due to the cyclic thermal expansion of energy piles. In addition, the layout of energy piles, pile location, soil type, and pile spacing control the load-transfer response of pile groups.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".