Acute and sub-acute toxicological evaluation of ethanol extract of Alchornea cordifolia leaves in Wistar rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Medicinal plants have over time played important roles in many indigenous primary health care systems. Alchornea cordifolia, a widely distributed plant, is a commonly used medicinal plant for the treatment and management of many disease conditions. The present study involved the evaluation of the acute and sub-acute toxicity studies of ethanol leaf extract of A. cordifolia in male Wistar rats. The hematological and biochemical profiles evaluation was via the automated hematologic analyzer and the spectrophotometer with sodium and calcium ions evaluations using flame photometer, and tissue histopathological evaluations following standard procedures. The results showed no visible signs of acute toxicity at a limit dose of 5000 mg/kg. The plant leaf extract did not induce anemia or change the immunocompetence of the treated rats after 28 days of treatment. There was a significant (p<0.05) alteration in some of the evaluated biochemical parameters. Visible histopathological changes occurred only in the liver and pancreas of the treated rats. The recorded changes following the treatment were more obvious at 200 mg/kg than in other groups compared to the control. These findings showed that the use of ethanol leaf extract of the plant is apparently safe when administered orally. However, the plant leaf extract needs investigation over prolonged exposure, and at higher doses, because of some forms of hepato-intestinal cellular damage observed in the treated male Wistar rats at the present administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".