Interannual Variations of Sea-ice Extent in the Okhotsk Sea – A Pan-Okhotsk Climate System Perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigated interannual variations in the late winter (January–March) sea-ice extent in the Okhotsk Sea (OS) and its relationship with the atmospheric circulation from 1971 to 2018. During heavy sea-ice years, negative air temperature anomalies are broadly discernable between the northeastern part of Eurasia and the North Pacific including the coastal polynyas adjacent to the northern and western coast of the OS. Cold air mass (CAM) genesis indicates the importance of the insulation effect of sea-ice in the persistent cold air temperatures in the OS. Light sea-ice years are marked by anomalous southeasterly winds and the resultant warm air advection associated with increases in extratropical cyclones. Southeasterly anomalies are associated with the weakening of the Aleutian low. Upper-tropospheric anticyclones dominating around the OS are closely connected with intensified convection in the vicinity of the South China Sea through propagation of a stationary Rossby wave relevant to La Niña-like warm sea surface temperature anomalies. The seasonal evolution of the CAM amount, sea ice in the Sea of Okhotsk, and the Aleutian low suggest that there may be chain feedback between them.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".