Public Debt Sustainability in Indonesia after Financial Crisis and During COVID-19 Pandemic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Developing countries are particularly vulnerable to shocks, such as the global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic.The economic crisis increased external public debt to stabilize the economy and improve people's welfare.High external debt puts the debt in an unsustainable condition.This study aims to measure the debt sustainability of external public debt in Indonesia from 2008-2020.We used the Threshold Value of The Debt Sustainability Framework for Low-Income Countries (LIC-DSF) and the Solvency Rate of External Debt (SRED) as a better combination for measuring debt sustainability in Indonesia.The results showed external public debt was at a low-risk threshold after the global financial crisis.However, the impact of COVID-19 has caused the ratio of external public debt interest payment to tax revenue to be within a high-risk threshold value.The SRED value shows a minus number from 2012-2020 caused by the worsening current account balance and net capital account values.The analysis of debt sustainability may be able to encourage a prudent and sustainable the Indonesian budget management policy.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".