Will Event Volunteers’ Role Ambiguity Affect Performance? Role of Social Exchange Qualities and Gender
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the effect of role ambiguity on volunteer job performance and investigates the mediating roles of role ambiguity between two social exchange qualities (i.e., team-member exchange and leader-member exchange) and job performance in reducing the negative effect of role ambiguity on job performance. Data were collected from volunteers at charity sport events in the U.S. Hypotheses were tested by using Hayes PROCESS macro model 1 and 4 for SPSS. The study found that role ambiguity is negatively related to job performance and that team-member exchange and leader-member exchange indirectly influence job performance through the mediating mechanism of role ambiguity. Also, the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between role ambiguity and job performance was found. Theoretical and practical implications for charity sport event volunteers, as well as recommendations for future research, are presented.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.010 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".